Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus

 Provisional report of a Consultation- by Dr. Sourabh Jaiswal   

  Diabetes is a huge subject, which occupies the working life of several thousand health workers in this country alone.  It is expect to cover  details of diabetes  in one lecture or article  is therefore unrealistic.  So i will give you an important information first, then step by step i will be writing  more about diabetes in further articles.

Basically we can divide diabetes in four major type :

•  Type (1). Type 1 diabetes:   immune mediated and idiopathic forms of b cell dysfunction, which lead to absolute insulin deficiency. This is an autoimmune mediated disease process which gives rise to absolute deficiency of insulin and therefore total dependency upon insulin for survival.
• Type 2 diabetes:    Mostly find in adult, this is related with insulin secretion and body insensitivity for insulin, which may originate from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency or from a secretory defect. This is a disease, which appears to have a very strong genetic predisposition and is caused by a combination of inadequate insulin secretion and an insensitiveness  of the body tissues to insulin so leaving patients with this condition relatively deficient in insulin.
•  Type 3 diabetes:  This covers a wide range of specific types of diabetes which include various genetic defects in insulin action, and diseases of the exocrine pancreatic gland . 
• Type 4 diabetes: It is gestational diabetes, occur during pregnancy period, it is physiological and most of cases resolve itself after delivery.

                             

      Diagnostic criteria :    Updated                               

 A new category of Impaired Fasting Glycaemia (IFG) is proposed to encompass values which are above normal but below the diagnostic cut‐off for diabetes (plasma ≥6.1 to <7.0 mmol l−1; whole blood ≥5.6 to <6.1 mmol l−1). 

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) now includes gestational
impaired glucose tolerance as well as the previous GDM. The classification defines both process and stage of the disease. The processes include 

                                                 

 As in summer season, diabetic patient may feel some discomfort, so I am writing  some following Summer_tips for  Diabetic patient for this summer season. follow following tips and be healthy.

* Use plenty of normal cool water every hour, it hepls to maintain your body temperature.

* Cover yourself especially head with cloth, avoid to come out from home especially between 11 pm to 4pm.

* Use seasonal juicy fruit inspite of fast-food, junkfood and spicy food.

* Maintain your body heat by taking bath 2 time, moisturing your body with wet cloth between hours.

* Avoid cold air, and cool drinks after just coming from sunlight.

* Eat food material enrich with anti oxidant like cucumber . 

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Author -Dr Sourabh Jaiswal

Consultant  Diabetologist & Nutritionist